Description
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Methylenedioxypyrovalerone ( MDPV) also called Monkey Dust is a stimulant of the cathinone class that acts as a norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI). Its activity at the dopamine transporter is six times stronger than at the norepinephrine transporter and it is virtually inactive at the serotonin transporter. MDPV remained an obscure stimulant until around 2004 when it was reportedly sold as a designer drug. MDPV (3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone) is a synthetic cathinone drug chemically similar to MDMA or ecstasy. Buy MDPV online
Many synthetic cathinones associated with bath salts are chemically similar to amphetamines, especially ecstasy, but MDPV has been found to function more like cocaine when it impacts the brain. Both drugs elevate levels of dopamine in the brain, leading to similar surges in energy, elevated mood, and anxiety, but MDPV is 10 times more potent than cocaine. Buy MDPV online
MDPV is usually found as a white or light brown powder, which may be slightly clumpy and have a specific odor. Sometimes, the drug is found in pill or tablet form.
Appearance of MDPV
The hydrochloride salt exists as a very fine crystalline powder which is hygroscopic. Thus, it tends to form clumps, resembling something like powdered sugar.
Also, its color can range from pure white to a yellowish-tan and has a slight odor that strengthens as it colors.
How Does MDPV Work?
MDPV binds to dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine transporters in the brain, preventing these neurotransmitters from being absorbed quickly. Neurotransmitters that stay available to the brain longer change mood and behaviors.
In the case of stimulants like MDPV, MDMA, and even meth and cocaine, the person experiences elevated physical energy, increased talkativeness, lowered inhibitions, excitement, and happiness. These positive feelings may then be followed by anxiety, paranoia, and possible violence.
Because MDPV is a new drug, it is not known for sure if the substance is addictive. Based on substances that have similar effects, including MDMA, cocaine, and meth, it is likely that MDPV can lead to compulsive behaviors because of how it changes brain chemistry. Buy MDPV online
MDPV Effects
Many of the effects of MDPV use are like those associated with other stimulants and amphetamines. They include:
- Euphoria.
- Elevated mood.
- Rapid heartrate and breathing.
- High blood pressure.
- Elevated body temperature.
- Confusion.
- Mental and physical stimulation.
Effects from MDPV are dose-dependent. Very large doses of MDPV over a long period of time can cause intense paranoia, leading to delusions, aggression, and suicidal ideation. The person may suffer a break from reality leading to psychosis.
Heart attack, hyperthermia, kidney failure, seizures, and strokes have been caused by taking a large dose of MDPV, often in the form of bath salts, and these health consequences have led to death.
These effects may last for up to 6 hours, although the peak effects begin around 30 minutes after taking the drug and decrease after 2 hours. Negative side effects may last longer and lead to disturbed sleep, intense mood changes, increased aggression, and physical discomfort. Buy MDPV online
As the drug is eliminated from the body, the brain will not be able to produce dopamine at the same rate, and the neurons associated with dopamine release will be exhausted. The effect will be intense exhaustion, depression, anhedonia, and low mood after the drug leaves the body. Buy MDPV online
Dangers of MDPV Abuse
The National Forensic Laboratory Information System (NFLIS) first reported MDPV in 2009, when there were two reports of this substance involved in hospitalizations or law enforcement encounters. Reports of this drug increased to 380 in 2010 and then to 3,625 in 2011. After several reports of bath salts psychosis, the drug’s popularity decreased a little in 2012, with 3,377 reported incidents of MDPV to the NFLIS.
The drug’s legal status also changed after that time. The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) moved MDPV to Schedule I, effectively banning this dangerous stimulant drug and making possession of it legally punishable.
Between 2010 and 2012, the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC) reported that there were 8,520 calls to poison control lines about exposure to bath salts. In that same period, the DEA reported that 35 out of the 76,857 drug reports involved synthetic cathinones, and 77 percent of those reports involved stimulants containing MDPV. Buy MDPV online
